Sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Sociology - Essay Example Business cannot operate anymore by simply imposing their own culture in the workplace as well as to the customers. One important element of culture is language. Language is not merely words, objects or symbols. In fact, language embodies the value systems of a group of people. There is an established communication process in a certain culture that must be observed. For example, the case of Chevy Nova which was a real blunder because the company failed to understand the context of the word in Latin America. Another glaring example of wrongly communicating a product to the public was Pepsi-Cola’s campaign that offended the Chinese people. People have deep reverence for ancestors and did not want any form of disrespect for their ancestors coming back from the grave. Usually, western cultures like that of the United States use euphemisms or symbols in their language. This creates miscommunication that puts the company’s products in a bad light. If Jerry’s company wou ld like to succeed in their overseas venture, then they should consult locals who are expert in marketing and media relations so their messages would sound appropriate to the public. Bartel’s study has established the fact that the highest learning comes from interaction among global teams. Each culture has its own strengths that can be harnessed so people can work productively. The case of the guy who worked with Russians show that some cultures respect hard work. It is indeed hard to acquire the trust and confidence of another culture because they have different values systems. The first step then could be working hard and showing that you mean business. On the other hand, the company should be firm yet considerate of its external environment. Shariff was right when he stated that simple things such as table manners can turn away clients resulting to lost income. It is very important for officers or managers assigned on an overseas assignment to study the culture of the cou ntry before making any policies or programs. A slight error can be costly as the case of Wal-Mart’s pull out in Germany costing the company 2 billion dollars. A good example of a company that succeeded is Mitsubishi because it imposes an international policy in the company that promotes to workers the value of cultural tolerance and respect for other human rights. Jerry can begin creating a committee that can formulate similar policies to start things right. Perhaps, seeking specialists in this area is a good idea as well as studying Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions for every country that they would expand. Hofstede’s study is valuable to people like Jerry to understand how and why certain groups of people act. For example, the Japanese highly value team work and frowns upon personal pride. Sales teams can be reworked in a way that it would promote teamwork in Japan rather than give the best salesperson lavish praises. Jerry and the committee can look for internat ional companies that have models of cultural tolerance in the workplace. Jerry should not be afraid of expanding although he has heard of many negative reports of big businesses like Wal-Mart and \Starbucks failing in another country. Instead, he can use these cases to prevent his company from following the same footstep. In the case of Starbucks in Australia, the company failed because at the very start of planning, the company analyzed only the business using a quantitative approach. It definitely created feasibility and

Ethics Paper Essay Example for Free

Ethics Paper Essay Economist Milton Friedman said that â€Å"the only entities who can have responsibilities are individuals. A business cannot have responsibilities. So the question is, do corporate executives, provided they stay within the law, have responsibilities in their business activities other than to make as much money for their stockholders as possible? And my answer to that is no, they do not.[2]† Nowadays, this debate falls into the CSR, or also know as the â€Å"Corporate Social Responsibility† talk points. In [7] Cheers questions: â€Å"What is the business of business†? Should business attempt to solve social issues or should business merely exist to maximize shareholder wealth? My opinion is that corporations and public companies should focus on maximizing stockholder and shareholder wealth, while simultaneously relying on ethical principles. Further reading about Friedman’s conservative stance on business’ business, one can point out that Friedman is quite positive that the social responsibility of a business and the primary focus of those who run the business is to make profit [6]. In business there is a multitude of different scenarios. These scenarios are hardly similar and each of them requires different point of view, perspectives and methods of approach. Is this the right approach? From the other point of view, ethical issues should not be overlooked. As we move towards a more connected world, with social media slowly replacing mainstream news channels, where â€Å"green† is the word and technology of choice, where political correctness is more important than the essence of an issue, ethical mishaps can turn into a publicity nightmare for corporations. While, in my opinion, a lot of ethical and moral issues are overly inflated there are some that must be taken into account, since they directly relate to the business’ business: profits! In the world we live in I think it is fair to say that corporations can still pursue successful paths while pursuing several methods of social responsibilities. I want to focus on three methods.

Distance Measurement Using RSSI Method in WSN

Distance Measurement Using RSSI Method in WSN Distance Measurement Using RSSI Method in Wireless Sensor Networks Akhand Pratp Singh, Devesh Pratap Singh, Santosh Kumar Abstract. RSSI method gives distance measurement between beacon nodes and unknown node. RSSI is Range-based localization depends on the assumption that the absolute distance between a sender and a receiver can be estimated by one or more features of the communication signal from the sender to the receiver. RSSI measurement is not more relevant because the RF signal is affected by the environment, the exact distance between the nodes cannot obtain by RSSI measurement by RSSI. Keywords: Received Signal Strength Indicator method, RSSI method, Distance Measurement by RSSI. Introduction Wireless Sensor Networks can be generally defined as network of nodes that cooperatively sense and control the environment enabling interaction between persons or computers and the surrounding environment. WSNs are mostly used in military surveillance, industrial process control and environmental monitoring. Node localization is a big problem of wireless sensor networks applications [1].According to estimation of node localization [2][3], the localization algorithms[3] can be divided into two categories: range-based and range-free. Range-based method calculates the localization between neighboring sensors. Several ranging techniques are possible for range measurement, such as time of arrival, time difference of arrival, angle of arrival, or the receive signal strength indicator (RSSI) [3]. Range free techniques solution depends only on the contents of received messages, which does not estimate the distance or angle between the nodes. Typical range-free localization algorithms [7] inc luded Centroid, DV-Hop, Amorphous, MDS-MAP[14] and APIT, and so on [3]. Localization algorithm [7] based on range-based has higher accuracy but requires additional hardware on sensor nodes. Localization of Wireless Sensor Networks Localization [8] is the process by which sensor nodes determine their location. In simple terms, localization is a mechanism for discovering spatial relationships between objects. The various approaches taken in literature to solve this localization problem differ in the assumptions they make about their respective network and sensor capabilities. A detailed, but not exhaustive, list of assumptions made include assumptions about device hardware, signal propagation models, timing and energy requirements, composition of network via homogeneous vs. heterogeneous, operational environment via indoor vs. outdoor, beacon density, time synchronization, communication costs, error requirements, and node mobility [9]. Localization of WSNs is classified in two approaches [5]. Direct Approaches This is also known as absolute localization. The direct approach itself can be classified into two types: Manual configuration and 8GPS-based localization [5]. The manual configuration method is very cumbersome and expensive. It is neither practical nor scalable for large scale WSNs and in particular, does not adapt well for WSNs with node mobility. The GPS-based localization method, each sensor is equipped with a GPS receiver. This method adapts well for WSNs with node mobility [6]. However, there is a downside to this method. It is not economically feasible to equip each sensor with a GPS receiver since WSNs are deployed with 100 of 1000 of sensors. This also increases the size of each sensor, rendering them unfit for pervasive environments. Also, the GPS receivers only work well outdoors on earth and have line-of-sight requirement constraints. Such Wireless Sensor Networks can’t be used for underwater applications like habitat monitoring, water pollution level monitoring, t sunami monitoring [5], etc. Indirect Approaches The indirect approach [5] of localization is also known as relative localization [4] since nodes position themselves relative to other nodes in their vicinity. The indirect approaches of localization were introduced to overcome some of the drawbacks of the GPS-based direct localization techniques [9] while retaining some of its advantages, like accuracy of localization. In this approach, a small subset of nodes in the network, called the beacon nodes, are either equipped with GPS receivers to compute their location or are manually configured with their location. These beacon nodes then send beams of signals providing their location to all sensor nodes in their vicinity that don’t have a GPS receiver. Using the transmitted signal containing the location information[4], sensor nodes compute their location. This approach effectively reduces the overhead introduced by the GPS-based method. However, since the beacon nodes are also operating in the same hostile environment as the se nsor nodes, they too are vulnerable to various threats, including physical capture by adversaries. This introduces new security threats concerning the honesty of the beacon nodes in providing location information Since they could have been tampered by the adversary and misbehave by providing incorrect location information. Within the indirect approach, the localization process can be classified into the following two categories. A. Range-based In range-based [5] localization, the location of a node is computed relative to other nodes in its vicinity. Range-based localization depends on the assumption that the absolute distance between a sender and a receiver can be estimated by one or more features of the communication signal from the sender to the receiver. The accuracy of such estimation, however, is subject to the transmission medium and surrounding environment. Range based techniques usually rely on complex hardware which is not feasible for WSNs since sensor nodes are highly resource-constrained and have to be produced at throwaway prices as they are deployed in large numbers. Some range-based localization techniques are as follows Angle of Arrival, Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Time of Arrival and Time Difference of Arrival. In this paper we are discussing about the RSSI technique [12][15], RSSI technique does need require additional hardware, which will not increase the hardware cost and the size of the nodes. However, due to RF signals influenced by the environment, the exact distance between the nodes cannot obtain by using RSSI [10][11], so the localization accuracy of nodes are not high. B. Range-free Range-free[5] localization never tries to estimate the absolute point to point distance based on received signal strength or other features of the received communication signal like time, angle, etc. This greatly simplifies the design of hardware, making range-free methods very appealing and a cost-effective alternative for localization in WSNs. Typical range-free localization algorithms[7] included Centroid ,DV-Hop, Amorphous, MDS-MAP[14] and APIT,etc. Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) Measurement Principles RSSI measurement [3] calculates the signal loss in the dissemination process with the theory or experience loss of signal propagation model and distance calculated between transceiver to receiver by path distance formulae. Some measure terms which are important role in RSSI measurement as follows: Path Loss Model Path loss models [3] are free space propagation model, the logarithmic distance path loss model, Hata model, etc. the logarithmic distance path loss model [3] is shown by formula (1): (1) Where d is distance from transmitter to receiver and its unit is km, n is path loss exponent that measures the rate at which the RSSI decreases with distance and the value of n depends on the specific propagation environment, XÏÆ' is a zero mean Gaussian distributed random variable whose mean value is 0 and it reflects the change of the received signal power in certain distance, d0 is reference distance and usually equals 1 meter, PL(d0) is a known reference power value in dBmilliwatts at a reference distance d0 from the transmitter. Received Signal Power at Reference distance Suppose A is the received signal power in the distance d0 between trans- mitter and receiver, the formula (2) can be generated. (2) Where Pt is power of transmitter and PL(d0) is a known reference power value in dBmilliwatts at a reference distance d0 from the transmitter. Distance Calculated by RSSI measurement The RSSI Value at the certain distance is calculated by the given formula. (3) Where RSSI is the received signal power. A is the received signal power in the sdistance of 1meter,n is the path loss index and relates to the environment. Then we select maximum RSSI value and then we convert it into distance by given formulae. After calculating the RSSI values we can obtain the maximum value of the RSSI which is known as RSSImax. (4) Where RSSImax is the maximum received signal power selected from all the RSSI values. A is the received signal power in the distance of 1meter,n is the path loss index and relates to the environment. RSSI Measurement Algorithms When we go through the RSSI method then we have to go through the following step of the algorithms as follows: Result and Analysis Our simulation is done in 10m x 10m two dimensional environment. Node deployment accuracy is very important. 9 nodes are deployed randomly we can get their coordinate and suppose one known node as unknown node and then we can find the distances, path loss, Gaussian distributed value [3]. Figure 1 Random deployed node Where +: unknown node *: Beacon node In the simulation we assume (x1,y1): (3.4855, 2.7068) as unknown Node and further we calculate the distance, maximum RSSI value in Scenario of 9 node where one node suppose to be mobile[6] by RSSI Method when n=2 ,A=8.4734 dBm and power loss at reference distance is 31.5266 dBm. Table1.Distance Calculation When we simulate we found that distance measure by RSSI principle is 1.5726 meter, but when we applied the distance formulae for the Coordinate we found that exact distance is 5.4825.So we found that there is measure margin of error. Figure2. Error in distance calculated by RSSI In figure1 we can see that the distance calculated by RSSI is not accurate, because the error percentage is 71.35. Conclusions Localization performance will depend on many things, including the localization algorithm used, the quantity of prior coordinate information, the method selected, and the accuracies possible from those measurements in the environment of interest[12]. The RSSI measurement is studied in this paper, but this method is not more accurate because the radio frequency signals is affected by the environment[12][13], the exact distance between the nodes cannot obtain by RSSI measurement. Experimental measurement and simulation results show that the distance is obtain, but measurement is not accurate. The proposed method is a good option in wireless sensor node localization, because of low cost and less complexity of the simulation. In future we can work on improving the RSSI method for the more accuracy because sometimes there is problem of accurate distance and it depends only on the measurement parameter model. The result shows that in future if we work through the RSSI method for the specif ic scenarios like war (soldier) and forest fire then the method may provide the specific result and maybe there is need of some more Improvement in this proposed method because some time the result shown by experiment is out of bound so there is need of some more improvement. References [1] Yick J., Mukherjee B. and Ghosal D., â€Å"Wireless Sensor Network survey†, Elsevier  Computer Network, vol.52, pp. 2292– 2330, 2008. [2] Mao G., BarÄ ±s F. and Anderson B.D.O.,â€Å"Wireless Sensor Network Localization Techniques†, Elsevier Computer Networks, vol.51,pp. 2529–2553, 2007. [3] Zheng J., Wu C., Chu H. and Xu Y., â€Å"An Improved RSSI Measurement In Wireless  Sensor Networks†, Elsevier Procedia Engineering, vol.15, pp. 876 – 880, 2011. [4] Patwari N., Aah J. N. and Kyperountas S., â€Å"Locating the nodes cooperative localization In Wireless Sensor Network†, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol.22, No.4,  pp. 54-69, 2005. [5] Srinivasan A. and Wu J., â€Å"A Survey on Secure Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks†, Florida Atlantic University, USA. [6] Amundson I. and Koutsoukos X.D., â€Å"A Survey on Localization for Mobile Wireless  Sensor Networks†,Computer Science,Springer,vol.5801, pp. 235-254, 2009. [7] Han G., Xu H.,Duong R.Q., Jiang J.,and Hara T., â€Å"Localization algorithms of Wireless  Sensor Networks: a survey†, Telecommunication Systems, Springer, vol. 52, Issue 4,  pp. 2419-2436, 2013. [8] Zeng Y., Cao J., Hong J, Zhang S. And Xie L., â€Å"Secure localization and location very  fication in wireless sensor networks: a survey†, Springer, vol. 64, Issue 3, pp. 685-701,  2013. [9] Wei X. and Qi Y., â€Å"Research on Some Key Techniques of Wireless Sensor Network†,  Electrical Engineering, Springer, vol. 127, pp. 255-260, 2012. [10] Heo J, Kim J. H. and Hong C.S., â€Å"A Logical Group Formation and Management  Mechanism Using RSSI for Wireless Sensor Networks†, Computer Science,   Springer, vol. 5297, pp. 207-216, 2008 . [11] Erdogan S.Z., â€Å"Mobility Monitoring by Using RSSI in Wireless Sensor Net  Works†,Computer and Information Science, Springer, vol. 90, pp. 572-580,  2010. [12] Adewumi O., Djouani K.,and Kurien A., â€Å"Performance Evaluation of RSSI  Based Distance Measurement for Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks†,  Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, Springer, vol.119,  pp. 74-83, 2013. [13] Ahn H., Lee Y.H., Cho H.J., Rhee S.B., and Lee J.H., â€Å"A RSSI-Based Approach for Localization of Wireless Sensor Network in Indoor†, Electrical   Engineering, Springer, vol. 120, pp. 123-127, 2012.   [14] Miao C., Dai G., Mao K., Li Y., and Chen Q., â€Å"RI-MDS: Multidimensional  Scaling Iterative Localization Algorithm Using RSSI in Wireless Sensor  Networks†, Computer and Information Science, Springer, vol. 501, pp. 164-  175, 2015. [15] Shen X., Wang Z., Jiang P., Lin R., and Sun Y., â€Å"Connectivity and RSSI  Based Localization Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks†, Computer Sci- ence, Springer, vol. 3645, pp. 578-587, 2005.

The Theme of Colonialism in Shakespeares Tempest Essay -- colonizatio

The Tempest, by Shakespeare, offers the reader a variety of themes. The one theme that stands out the most is that of colonialism. During the time of Shakespeare, many European countries such as Spain, France, and England, were expanding their borders by taking over less developed countries, referred to as colonies. During this time of exploitation, there was skepticism concerning the possible success of the colonies. While some scholars believe that the play is about the Americas, I argue that the play reflects on colonialism in general and how it is destined for failure which is shown through the character’s relationships throughout the play. During the 1600’s the English decided to have people colonize in the Americas for the potential resources and wealth that they may find. During this time Spain, France, Portugal, and the Dutch have already began trade and exploration in Africa, Asia, and the Americas. England hearing of their riches, didn’t want to miss out of the opportunity. However, during these expeditions, there has been various news beforehand of the strong oceanic storms that would sometimes destroy ships or mislead them from their destinations Such news was not uncommon but due to the storms, many of the people knew the dangers of the journey and would often doubt the success of these explorations. For example, â€Å" In may 1609, nine ships carrying 500 colonists under Sir Thomas Gates and Sir George Summers had set sail to America to reinforce the colony at Jamestown. In an unusual storm, Gates and Summers were driven on the Bermudas, before managing to sail to the mainland† (Honan 371 ). News such as this was widespread throughout England and amongst these would be news of the encounters with natives. For example, â€Å"... ... such as slavery and exploitation of nature, and also gives us insight to the speculations that were common in the time of explorations and discovery. Works Cited Cesaire, Aime, Richard Miller and William Shakespeare. A Tempest: Based on Shakespeare‘s The Tempest, Adaptation for a Black Theatre. New York: TCG Translations, 2002. Print Shakespeare, William, Virginia Mason, Vaughan, and Alden T. Vaughan. The Tempest. Arden Shakespeare, 1997. Print. Third Series Smith, Hallet Darius. Twentieth Century Interpretations of The Tempest; A Collection of Critical Essays, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1969. Print. Honan, Park. Shakespeare: A Life. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998. Print. Marshall, Tristan. â€Å"The Tempest and the British Imperium in 1611.† The Historical Journal 41.2 (2003): 375-400. Print.

Ragging in India Essay

Ragging in India is a damaging form of interaction of the seniors in college or school with the juniors, newcomers or first years. It is similar to but not same as hazing in the United States, it is not an initiation. It involves insults (simple or suggestive sexual, sarcastic and even physical), running errands for seniors, and many other complex activities. Highly reputed Indian colleges have a wistful history of ragging especially Medical colleges. It has become increasingly unpopular due to several complaints of serious injury to the victims and strict laws regarding ragging. Ragging is now defined as an act that violates or is perceived to violate an individual student’s dignity. It often takes a malignant form wherein the newcomers may be subjected to psychological or physical torture. Prohibition Of Ragging As per Ordinance XV-C of the University of Delhi ragging in any form is strictly prohibited, within the premises of College/Department/Institution and any part of Delhi University system as well as on public transport and elsewhere Any individual or collective act or practice of ragging constitutes gross indiscipline and shall be dealt with under this Ordinance Ragging for the purposes of this Ordinance, ordinarily means any act, conduct or practice by which dominant power or status of senior student is brought to bear on students freshly enrolled or students who are in any way considered junior or inferior by other students and includes individual or collective acts or practices which involve physical assault or threat to use of physical force violate the status, dignity and honour of women student; violate the status, dignity and honour of students belonging to scheduled castes and tribes; expose students to ridicule and contempt and affect their self esteem entail verbal abuse and aggresssion, indecent gestures and obscene behaviour The incidents of ragging in educational institutions is becoming a National issue. I wish that all the senior students of SSITS will receive the suggestions expressed here positively and act as desired so that we can continue to maintain â€Å"RAGGING – FREE INSTITUTION† status for ever. Remember the fact: Awareness on ragging leads to eradication of ragging. The following may happen to the victim of ragging: 1. The ragging may leave permanent scar in the victim’s mind that may haunt him/her for years to come. 2. The ragging demoralizes the victim who enters the college life with many hopes and expectations. 3. It causes grave psychological stress and trauma to the victim. 4. Those who succumb to ragging may drop out, thereby hampering their career prospects. 5. In extreme cases, if the victim is too sensitive, he/she may resort to suicide, or culpable homicide. Ragging has become a menace, cause of fear and shock, not only for a fresher but to his/her parents too who are sending their loved ones for pursuing higher studies by investing a lot of hard earned money Ragging in any form inside or outside the college campus is banned/prohibited vide Prohibition of Ragging in Educational Institutions Act passed by the Parliament. Ragging means doing an act that causes or is likely to cause insult or annoyance or fear or apprehension, threat or intimidation or outrage of modesty or injury to a student. Those who indulge in this uncivilized activity are liable for severe disciplinary actions besides being liable for prosecution. Nature of Ragging Punishment Teasing, Embarrasing and Humilating Imprisonment upto 6 months or fine upto Rs.1000/- or both Wrongfully restraining or confining or causing hurt Imprisonment upto 2 years or fine upto Rs.5000/- or both Causing death or abating suicide Imprisonment upto 10 years or fine upto Rs.50,000/- or both Student convicted of any above offences, will be dismissed from the college.

The Delivery Systems on Day Care Schools

Protecting children from abuse, physically and mentally is a major responsibility for all caregivers of children. This includes parents, teachers and childcare workers. According to research conducted by Spungen, Jensen, Finkelstein and Satinsky, it was estimated that one out of five females and one out of six males would be the victim of sexual abuse before the age of 18. In 1985 it was estimated that over 113,000 children between the ages of six through 18 were sexually assaulted in that year alone (Spungen, et al 1989, p127). Due to the increasing incidence of child sexual abuse, a need arose for prevention and training programs for families and caregivers of children. To fulfill this need, child sexual abuse prevention education programs were established. Research conducted in 1987, indicated that over nine million preschoolers and millions of school aged children were cared for by some type of daycare program. Consequently, daycare providers were in a unique position to provide this prevention program (Spungen, et al 1989, p127.) The first such program was established in Philadelphia at the Federation Day Care Services. The goal of the program was to enhance the knowledge of staff, parents and children and to help children develop skills to protect themselves from sexual abuse. The goal for parents and staff was to help them become sensitive about child safety issues and be prepared to cope with the feelings that the children expressed. This program was developed and coordinated by an interagency committee comprised of administrators, educational supervisors and masters prepared social workers who had expertise and training the area of child sexual abuse (Spungen, et al 1989, p127). In developing this program they used the eight basic steps for problem management (Halley, Kopp, Austin 1998, p 183). 1. Perceiving a need and then defining the problem that must be addressed 2. Stating a purpose to be achieved by addressing the problem. 3. Collecting data related to the situation. 4. Using the data to generate alternative responses, opportunities, or solutions to the problems. 5. Assessing the costs of pursing different solutions and weighing the choices. 8. Evaluating the results and beginning again, drawing on what is learned. To effectively implement this prevention program, each audience was identified to develop a different service delivery system. Staff training and parent workshops were conducted by social workers. Classroom teachers implemented programming for children. The linking policy that was used in these deliveries was that of direct practice with the consumer. According to Halley, Kopp, and Austin â€Å"Human service practitioners make, advance, retard and shape policy all the time during their interactions with consumers and with each other †¦the work of delivering human services is linked to all aspects of social policy† (Halley, Kopp and Austin, 1998 p100 & 101). The goals for staff were to increase awareness of child sexual abuse, increase their comfort level and improve their ability to teach prevention curriculum. In addition to providing a safe environment for children to express themselves and also be able to identify and react appropriately to disclosures of abuse (Spungen, et al 1989, p128). In the first year, two staff training sessions were held at each branch of the Federation Day Care Services. The first session focused on the identification and assessment of child sexual abuse, the second was on disclosures and reporting procedures. There was minimal discussion of the curriculum yet the staff was expected to follow it strictly. Due to the rigidity of the program, staff was resistant to the workshops and felt the training was unnecessary. The committee paid too little attention to the staff's feeling and attitudes regarding this issue. They also did not focus enough attention on teachers' feedback on the curriculum. As a result, there was low staff enthusiasm and increased staff resistance to the training. By the end of the first year the committee became aware of the staff's resistance to the training approach and felt the need to address their concerns. To respond to these concerns and to meet the staff's needs, the committee used the feedback from teachers and actively involved them in the development of the next year's program (Spungen, et al 1989, p128). In the second year of training three staff sessions were held at each branch to meet the needs of new and previously untrained staff. To decrease staff resistance, theory was included in the training to explain the rationale for the program, while focusing on sensitizing staff to their feelings and reactions to child sexual victimization. The initial session focused on the nature and scope of the problem and its relationship to day care. Participants met in small groups and a discussion followed that focused on myths and facts, behavioral and emotional characteristics of abusive families and victims and stages of normal sexual development. The next two training sessions addressed attitudes toward the topic through small group exercises to help promote comfort with sexual language and included role-playing vignettes which focused on disclosure situations. Discussions followed that focused on the curriculum and a teacher's role in preventing child sexual abuse. To supplement the training, written materials and audio visual aids were used. The training then focused on supporting staff in becoming more comfortable with their role in helping children stay safe. Although the training curriculum focused on prevention education, training for staff primarily dealt with teaching them how to respond appropriately to children's reactions and concerns, including procedures for reporting suspected abuse. (Spungen, et al 1989, p128). At the end of the second year, feedback from the teacher evaluations was positive. According to Spungen, et al, it was difficult to assess the conclusive reasons for this. The satisfaction of the program appeared to be related to the staff's increased comfort with the topic and the program as well as a more effective training and curriculum (Spungen, et al 1989, p129). The goals for parents included an increased awareness and knowledge about child sexual abuse; inform them and share the content about the child personal safety program and to provide parents with the skills and resources to help keep their children safe (Spungen, et al 1989, p128). Parental support of the child personal safety program was a high priority. In the first year of the program two parent workshops were offered at each branch of the Federation Day Care Services. The program focused on the dynamics of child sexual abuse and the risk factors for young children, these workshops were provided to parents at no cost. The turnout for these workshops was very low, one possible reason was that parents were disturbed by the information presented and felt unable to protect their children (Spungen, et al 1989, p129). After the first year, more outreach and public relations efforts were used to reach the parents. The outreach included a brochure, individual letters to all parents inviting them to the workshop posters in each branch of the day care and reminder notices sent to families' two days before the program. Evening sessions were conducted at each branch and childcare and dinner were provided at no cost. (Spungen, et al 1989, p128). In the second year of training, parents were provided an opportunity to preview the curriculum and gave their input on it. They also were provided background information about statistics, myths and facts, behavioral and emotional indicators of victims of abuse and stages of normal sex play. A film and discussion about keeping children safe was also included. Parents who attended felt comfortable in expressing their concerns about the curriculum and sex education for their children. Parents were provided resource materials and in home activities to help alleviate their fears and help them support and reinforce the program's efforts (Spungen, et al 1989, p128). At the end of the second year, despite the outreach only a limited number of parents attended these workshops. The parents that did attend gave positive feedback about the program. Some parents were frightened by the statistics and anxious to learn how they could work with the agency to protect their children. Parents found the in-home activities most helpful in learning how to talk with their children about this topic (Spungen, et al 1989, p129). The goals for children included prevention of child sexual abuse and empowering children to keep themselves safe (Spungen, et al 1989, p128). In the first year of training, due to the sensitive nature of the training program, introductory classroom training was necessary to help children with the basic knowledge of the five senses, parts of the body, family members and feelings. Teachers were provided with resource material. By the second year teachers were encouraged to be creative in their presentations. Expanding on the introductory lessons, the child personal safety program was presented over three weeks. Activities included stories, group discussion, role-plays, games, songs, and art projects. Portions of the program were adapted for use based on the developmental needs of each age group. The program was structured that the most sensitive topics were discussed after the children developed greater awareness and assertiveness skills. Topics covered in the story and discussion format included defining child personal safety; identifying good, bad and confusing touches; learning to handle a bad touch; and telling a trusted adult if a bad or confusing touch occurs. The program for children in preschool and kindergarten classrooms began and ended with puppet shows that were developed and performed by staff. The initial puppet show introduced the puppets and the theme of â€Å"No, Go, Tell†, a phrase often used in child safety programs to emphasize basic safety skills. The second puppet show involved more audience participation and reinforced the themes of the program. One of the differences between the preschool and the school-age program was that the school-age children participated in program development. They created their own artwork for a â€Å"No, Go, Tell† poster contest and demonstrated their knowledge by developing role-plays (Spungen, et al 1989, p128 – 29). According to teacher evaluations and parental reports, children were excited about the program, but the degree to which they benefited from the program varied depending on the child's age and duration of training. Children who participated in the program for the two-year period seemed to benefit the most from the training and were better able to apply the information. Children in the three to four year-old groups were able to model responses, such as repeating the â€Å"No, Go, Tell†, words but their understanding was limited. Kindergarten children had a greater ability to understand concepts and had an increased awareness of how to apply the information. They learned the vocabulary and developed basic prevention and assertiveness skills. Children 6 to 12 understood and applied the personal safety concepts that they learned in the program. They benefited from less structured programming because the flexibility reduced the boredom that results from the repetitive curriculum. In addition they needed to feel independent and in control of their learning (Spungen, et al 1989, p130). Outcomes and challenges of the training program This program faced many challenges, among them was the initial resistance of the staff of the daycare to attend training and use the curriculum for training. As the result of feedback by the teachers, the committee made changes to the training approach. This change allowed the teachers to have more input in the training of the curriculum and also gave them more freedom to implement it. These changes met several of the service delivery goals as outlined in â€Å"Delivering Human Services†. These included: collaboration between staff and the committee; managing the transitions to new delivery systems; and integrating by using the feedback from the teachers to help develop the second year of the program (Halley, Kopp, Austin, 1998, p180-81). Although gains were made, further study should be conducted in order strengthen collaborations between the teachers and the committee. The next challenge that they faced was that of involving the parents. (From my experience with working with parents and programming, I understand how difficult it can be to actively involve them in training or workshops.) The committee used outreach techniques to reach the parents in an effort to involve them in the program. The delivery goals that they met included: mobilizing to involve the parents and make them aware of the danger and of the need for the training, and relating to consumers by understanding the parent's concerns regarding the training program. By the second year of the training, because of feedback by parents, modifications were in place that met the goals of the program. These changes also helped the parents learn about the problem of child sexual abuse in a less threatening way and help protect their children (Halley, Kopp, Austin, 1998, p180). Although there were changes to the program and an outreach effort, parents were still resistant to training and only about 225 parents attended the program over the course of two years (Spungen, et al 1989, p129). This component of the training needs to be further explored to find out how to involve parents in workshops and training programs etc. Teachers of pre-school, kindergarten children and older children in the daycare encountered different challenges regarding the delivery of the program. After the initial year of the program, teachers were allowed to be creative in the delivery of the training program. This change enriched and helped empower the students who attended the training. Specific programming was geared to preschool students, kindergarten students and to older students. There was a different approach to each group of students, but the overall goals of the training program were met (Spungen, et al 1989, p128 – 30). The next challenge was that of the costs involved in implementing the child personal safety program. According to Spungen, it is very expensive to run a child sexual abuse prevention program at a daycare center. Staff expenses, time constraints and space issues are a factor that could inhibit the training (Spungen, et al 1989, p131). Further exploration of funding sources, community-wide cooperative agreements, such as partnerships with community centers or rape crisis centers may alleviate some of the expenses involved in this training, but further research is necessary.

Japanese Economy Essays - Public Finance, Fiscal Policy, Free Essays

Japanese Economy Essays - Public Finance, Fiscal Policy, Free Essays Japanese Economy How has Japan fared with its economies booms and slumps? This investigation is based on stage 4 unit 1 of the Business and Economics A-level course, What happens in booms and slumps?. The unit focuses how people and businesses are affected by booms and slumps, why they continuously appear and the governments role in helping to control these two events. The investigation will therefore focus on Japan and the way booms and slumps affect the Japanese businesses and people. To determine this the investigation will focus on Japanese economic growth, inflation, unemployment rates, trade and Government economic policies. It is true that in a boom there are large amounts of trade. High demand, high GDP, low unemployment and high inflation (more spending). In a slump the opposite is true. Recession - High Unemployment, low wages, low demand High Inflation - More spending, higher demand, higher prices, higher costs of production. Low Inflation - Less spending, low demand, low costs of production. Downward Multiplier Effect - This occurs when there is too much demand. Then when there is a slump a deficit occurs because of the surplus that might have occurred in the boom. It is difficult to begin to analyse the Japanese economy since the information about it is very mixed. On one hand we have the news that Japan is coming out of a recession and in the other that Japan is going into one. The information released by the government assures us that Japan is improving its economic stability, while the media and world banks tell the opposite story.The Bank Of Japan is looking to ease its monetary policy (control of interest rates to control bank lending) and to fight the deflation by creating inflation. While on the other side we are being told that the unemployment rate is easing from an unprecedented 5.0% to 4.5%. So which one is true. It is true that Japanese economy has improved, it has come out of its recession but it still faces several problems that may keep it from expanding, these are: Consumer demand is still weak - Between the years 1989 and 1998 household savings have decreased from 7.6% to 7.1 per cent. This means people have started spending more but still in low quantities. Unemployment in Japan is at around 4.9%. - Although temporary workers and one day contract workers have increased full time employees have been laid off more. Corporations continue to restructure themselves. - The Japanese are adopting a more American industry. The relationship between workers and employers and the management is changing. This change is also a factor to the improvement of the economy. So what exactly pulled Japan out of its recession. One of the major factors is the low interest rate (montary policy) that encouraged people to save less and spend more thereby creating demand. By creating demand they initiated the circular flow of income. What this means is that households had more money which they spent on products and because there was demand once again the factories started producing, this led to the need for workers and the workers were paid wages which could then be spent. The other reason is major Government intervention, through fiscal policy. Although this large spending by the government to create aggregate demand to keep the economy alive worked, it has increased the countries national debt which has to be paid off and not only that but this active implementation of fiscal policy has created a fiscal deficit. So far the damage created by the fiscal deficit has been non-existent but because of the increased debt public spending may later become strained especially if interest rates increase and people stop spending money once again. Then where will the government get the money from. This fiscal policy can serve also as a mask over the economy because it is hard to estimate in how much trouble it really is if artificial demand is created. The government has spent $1 trillion US on their stimulus budget and $500 billion to help sustain their banking system. Apart from the government intervention the recession has caused the Japanese to rethink their whole management structure. This now means instead of the rest of Europe trying to model themselves on Japan, Japan has started

The Hockey Sweater Essay Essay Example

The Hockey Sweater Essay Essay Example The Hockey Sweater Essay Paper The Hockey Sweater Essay Paper The Quebec Vexation The French speaking people of Quebec lived under heavy oppression in the 1950s and 60s. Many francophone people looking for work in Quebec cities were refused because of their French background. In areas such as Montreal, the francophone people were earning up to 50 percent less than their English speaking peers. There was a clear distinction between the quality of life for the English and the quality of life for the French. It was because of this distinction that the people of Quebec often resented the English and their ways of life. And it is from this resentment, the story The Hockey Sweater was written. The Hockey Sweater is a story told from the perspective of a young boy living in a small town in Quebec. He, like all the kids his age loved hockey, especially the Montreal Canadiens. He is so deeply loyal to his French heritage that he hates the Toronto Maple Leafs and anything about them for the sole reason that they are not French. Roch Carrier’s The Hockey Sweater is an allegory underlining the tensions found between Francophone and Anglophone Canadians. These tensions stem from Quebec’s economic reliance on the English, Quebec’s desire to maintain their culture and traditions, and the frustration demonstrated by Quebecers with regards to the language of Canada. The book The Hockey Sweater as well as the French economy in the 50s and 60s demonstrated a certain economic reliance on the English. In The Hockey Sweater, when the main character Roch needs a new sweater, his mother decides to order it from the Eaton’s catalogue. Now with Mr. Eaton being English, he sends a Toronto Maple Leafs jersey instead, greatly upsetting Roch. Roch’s mother then refuses to send it back because she is afraid to offend Mr. Eaton. Quebec’s culture in the 1950’s and 60’s was very similar to this. When Quebec’s working class went out to find jobs, they found that many major Quebec companies were run by English speaking businessmen. By extension, this also meant that these businesses would favour those who could speak English. Even the French people who were able to find jobs found that what they earned was meagre compared to the English workers. Political activist Felix Leclerc described this phenomenon, writing, Our people are the water boys of their own country. Nevertheless, they were forced to deal with it because they simply had no other choice. Where were they going to work if not for the English speaking bureaucrats? Finding a job in other English speaking cities was even more difficult because being a distinct minority they were easy to manipulate to conform to the company’s needs. This led to frustration amongst the Quebecois, being unable to find a job in their own French speaking cities because they were French. The hockey sweater Roch was forced to accept is just like the jobs many Quebecers were forced to accept in that if they didn’t, they had no other place to go. Quebec, since its inception into Canada, has developed a culture greatly different from any other province. Over the years, a key part of this French way of life has been preserving their distinct culture and traditions. Quebec, with their completely different language and a more traditional religious denomination, has established themselves as a distinct society within the nation of Canada. The short story The Hockey Sweater has this theme of loyalty to the French traditions. The first page of The Hockey Sweater contains the line We lived in three places – the school, the church and the skating-rink – but our real life was on the skating-rink. The choice of the hockey rink as a center of life puts the setting of the story deep in Canadian culture. Throughout the story, the author, Roch Carrier, uses the Montreal Canadiens as a metaphor for the French and the Toronto Maple Leafs as a metaphor for the English. It is of the main character’s belief that the Montreal Canadiens, or in this case the French, are superior to his English speaking brethren. Stemming from this superiority complex comes the frustration of the French that they to live and work under the laws and policies that the English impose upon them. The Quebecois found that their cultures were too different to be placed on equal footing with the other provinces. This frustration with the other provinces eventually led to The Quiet Revolution and an attempt to separate from the rest of Canada. Up until the end of the 1960s, the French people of Quebec could be seen living as second-rate citizens in Canada. It wasn’t until 1969, that the Official Languages Act was passed by Pierre Elliot Trudeau giving both the English and French languages equal representation in Canadian parliament. Up until then, most documents written by the Canadian government and its affiliates were solely in English and did not recognize French as an official language. In The Hockey Sweater, the character of Mr. Eaton can be equated to the role of the Canadian government. The order forms provided in the Eaton’s catalogue were completely in English even though they were being shipped to a small French town in Quebec. This could be seen as the English speaking people of Canada imposing their language and culture upon Quebec in an almost assimilation-like manner. The lack of equality with regards to the French and English language pre- 1969 led to many people of Quebec feeling subservient to the rest of Canada. The language issue played a vital role in the story of The Hockey Sweater which led to great turmoil just as it did with Quebec’s culture during the 1950s and 60s. Quebec culture in the mid- 20th century was very different from any other province. Sporting a different language, find equality with the rest of Canada was often a struggle for the Quebecois. English run companies in Quebec had a tendency to take advantage of the French, using their language against them. Also, with having a unique society, it was always a challenge for the people of Quebec to follow â€Å"La survivance† and preserve their language and traditions. It is also of note that during the 50s and 60s, the French language had not been recognized as an official language of Canada with English residing as the language spoken by the majority of Canada. All of these things combined left a bitter taste in the mouths of the French. Roch Carrier’s The Hockey Sweater is a perfect metaphor for this, mirroring the struggles of an entire province in the tribulations of a young boy. The English or in this case the Toronto Maple Leafs had no place in Quebec and was shunned by the people of Quebec. The anti-Anglophone sentiments found in late 20th century Quebec can be witnessed as early as 1946 as in when The Hockey Sweater takes place which leaves the age old question; should Quebec separate from the rest of Canada? Analysis of The Hockey Sweater. Academon. N. p. , 2008. Web. 26 May 2011. Bond, Karen. French as a Minority Language in Bilingual Canada. Karens Linguistics Issues. N. p. , October 2001. Web. 26 May 2011. Canada. Official Languages Act. , 1969. Web. 26 May 2011. Canada. The Quebec Question. † Encyclopaedia Britannica , Web. Claude, Belanger. The Quiet Revolution. Quebec History. Marianopolis College, 23 Newman, Garfield. Canada: a nation unfolding. 1st ed. Toronto, Ontario: McGraw-Hill, 2000. 297. Print. The Quiet Revolution. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopaedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 22 July 2004. Web. 25 May. 2011. Vermette, David. La Survivance and Revolution: The Ideological History of a Remnant. A Franco-American and Quebecois History and Geneal ogy Site. David Gerard Vermette, April 22, 2006. Web. 26 May 2011.

Causes Of The French Revolution Essay Example for Free (#2)

Causes Of The French Revolution Essay On July 14, 1789 a large mob stormed the Bastille, and killed the commander and some other soldiers. The fall of the Bastille marked the beginning of the French Revolution, and was a symbol to the people of France representing years of abuse by the monarchy. Also, this event served as a wake-up call to King Louis XVI. Unlike any other short protest or riot, this event actually challenge to the regime. As the French Revolution progressed, French society underwent a transformation as feudal, religious, and aristocratic privileges disappeared and the ancien rà ©gime were abruptly overthrown under the fundamental principle of â€Å"Libertà ©, à ©galità ©, fraternità ©Ã¢â‚¬ . Although there are many causes to the French Revolution, the three main ones are: the mismanagement of the economy, the pressure of taxes placed primarily onto the third estate, and the spark from Enlightenment ideas and the American Revolution. These events set a fire in France that could no longer be contained. It spread through France like a wildfire. The first cause to the French Revolution was the mismanagement of the economy. Louis XIV had left France deeply in debt with his extravagant spending. France’s Involvement in the Seven Years’ War and American Revolution put it deeper down the hole. Costs had generally risen during the 1700’s and the lavish court soaked up millions. The government borrowed more and more money to bridge the gap between income and expenses. Years of deficit spending, or spending more than the income, was taking its toll on the country’s treasury. By 1789, half of the country’s income from taxes went to paying the interest on this debt. Louis XVI was forced to raise taxes to pay back the debts, leading to further tension and revolt. The first cause to the French Revolution was the pressure that taxes placed onto the Third Estate, or anyone that wasn’t nobility or clergy. This included the wealthier middle class, or bourgeoisie, and the extremely poor working clas s and rural farmers. While the poor suffered from the agonizing taxes, the rich nobility and clergy didn’t suffer these taxes because of tradition which granted the nobles and clergy freedom from paying taxes. The political crisis of 1789 coincided with the worst famine in memory, and as taxes rose, tension rose. When taxing the First and Second Estates was proposed by the king’s advisor, Jacques Necker, the nobles and high clergy resisted the  attempt to end their exemption from taxes and forced the king to dismiss him. As the crisis deepened, the pressure for reform grew. The wealthy class demanded, however, that the king summon the Estates-General, the legislative body consisting of representatives of the three estates, before making any changes. This event later backfired on the wealthy with the creation of the National Assembly which established many reforms. The last reason to the French Revolution was the spark of Enlightenment ideas and the American Revolution. This spark set fire to the French Revolution and roared across the country. Many people believed in the ideas of â€Å"equality† and â€Å"freedom of the individual† as presented Voltaire, Rousseau, Diderot and other philosophers and social theorists of the Enlightenment. They especially favored John Locke’s idea that if a government violates the people’s natural rights, the people have the right to replace that government. These ideas of life, liberty, and equality had contributed to the creation of the American Revolution and the newly formed American government served as a live example of the proper structure of government. They helped with the creation of new reforms to make life in France better. On July 14, 1789 a large mob stormed the Bastille and began started the French Revolution. The causes of this event were the mismanagement of the economy by the king, the resulting tax pressure placed onto the poor Third Estate, and the spark of Enlightenment and American Revolution reasoning. The French Revolution had accomplished its desired goal of more equal government and it still has an impact on the world. Till this day, the French celebrate Bastille Day as their national independence day. Causes Of The French Revolution. (2016, Aug 31).

Security Issues Within Virtualization Coursework

Security Issues Within Virtualization - Coursework Example Citrix Systems, Inc. (2008, October). Citrix xenserver V5.0 and netapp storage best practices. Retrieved from CITRIX Web site: http://www.citrix.com/site/resources/dynamic/partnerDocs/CitrixXSNetAppStorageBestPracticesGuidefinal.pdf This article shows the best way to use NetApp storage systems and Citrix XenServer. It also speaks about the future of these methods in the furthering of virtualization. Although pushing their product, this article has good information. The great IT cost is reduced by the virtual desktop. The need to download extra software and patches are thing of the past according to this article. Since it was written in 2005, the author is full of promise for the virtual desktop, with no concern. This is important to show the attitude when the virtual desktop was new. This web site provides access to technology white papers and can provide me with an excellent source of information on the subject of virtualization. Most of the technology is being developed by well know vendors, having easy access to their technology white papers will help provide a reliable source for information. Ghodke, N. (2004). Virtualization techniques to enable transparent access to Peripheral devices across networks (Masters Thesis, University Of Florida, 2004). Retrieved from http://etd.fcla.edu/UF/UFE0005684/ghodke_n.pdf Many individuals get excited about virtualization without taking into account the security measures necessary to run virtualization without being hacked or interfered with by outside sources. This article informs about security measures needed. This article also speaks about security for virtualized environments. The authors did an empirical study into the security exposure to hosts of hostile virtualized environments. Their findings were very interesting and vital to my research. This article speaks about the unknown factors of virtualization. Mike Rothman believes that there are a number of potential

Weeding Out Corporate Psychopaths Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Weeding Out Corporate Psychopaths - Essay Example Most of the companies face high employees’ turnover since the employees are victimised by the psychopaths. The psychopaths tend to target his or her immediate superior as one of the strategies to transfer accuse for any wrongdoing (Boddy, n.d.). The main objective of this study is to examine what a corporate psychopath represents and the dangers that they pose to the workplace. This report will also try to evaluate if the case study has been capable of providing convincing account of comprehending corporate psychopaths. The study will attempt to make use of numerous research articles related to corporate psychopaths so that it can offer a clear understanding on the work behaviour of this category of people. Concepts Related To Corporate Psychopaths Organisational psychopaths are referred to those people who subsist at an occurrence of about one percent of the common populace and who work in an organisation. It is a well known fact that the organisational psychopaths are capabl e of demonstrating themselves as pleasing employees and have the capability to gain position in the organisation easily. These people do not have any conscience and are capable to cruelly charm, lie, coax and hence manipulate their way up in an organisational hierarchy in chase of their key aims and power, possessions as well as position at the expense of anyone who comes on their way (Boddy, 2006). The concept related to corporate psychopaths gets hitched with the term ‘psychopaths’ which has been derived from the dimension of psychological literatures and the term ‘corporate’ has been derived from the area of business in order to symbolize a psychopath’s working and operating in the organisational context. It has been observed that the corporate psychopaths tend to manipulate others without any principles, for the purpose of furthering their own objectives. It is worthy of mentioning the fact that the corporate psychopaths have been capable of ente ring into the modern organisations as well as other organisations because of the charming personality that they possess (Babiak & et. al., 2010). They can rise immediately and remain comparatively unobserved within the members of the organisation due to disordered nature of the modern organisation. Such corporate nature is featured by quick alterations, steady renewal and a quick turnover of the talented personnel. It is these changes in the culture of the organisation that makes it harder for the organisation to identify the corporate psychopaths because steady movements tend to make their attitude and behavior imperceptible and combined along with their extroverted personal charisma and appeal, making them to appear as normal and as ideal leaders (Boddy, 2011). One of the well recognised facts is that employees tend to lose their jobs and at times even their livelihood when the organisations tend to be destroyed due to the actions of their senior directors. The shareholders as wel l as the society as a whole tend to be affected because of the negative deeds of the senior directors. Private enterprises also lose their integrity. Such corporate collapses have been apparent in the recent years and have been found to be mushrooming in the western countries. It has further played a crucial role in global financial crisis (Boddy, 2010). Most of the people demonstrate various characteristics of psychopaths; however a few of them tend to be true psychopaths. They tend to be

Perception and Cognition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Perception and Cognition - Essay Example The things we do consciously are influenced by the unconscious mind - our actions are the effects of stimuli which we are unaware of. There have been various interpretations in this regard. According to cognitive psychology, unconscious information processing likened to subliminal message processing (idea opposed by authors because they thought the definition was unnatural and restrictive). (09No) In Evolution: evolutionary changes occurred as a result of unconscious processes - there was no conscious thought that went into evolution and adaptation; For example, things like culture and early learning - we don't think about our culture - we are surrounded by it from an early age and information gets stored in our unconscious mind without our being aware of it - it is inherent. Same with Early Learning - we learn lots of things at a very young age, which are inherent traits of human kind, which we again, don't consciously think about (for instance, kids, especially infants, learn behavior by "passive imitation" of parents or friends; as infants we unconsciously learn by experience - as we grow up, those learned behaviors/actions/values stay with us, and are stored in the unconscious mind - later in life, we don't consciously think about these things - we just know them to be true) All these characteristics have been oft associate... There is a distinct line between conscious and unconscious goal pursuit. Keeping in perspective the recent evolutionary arrival of modes of though and behavior, it is probably that the conscious goal is directly or indirectly related to unconscious motivational structures. We are predisposed, conditioned (genetically predisposed - this is an effect of evolution) as a human race to prefer certain "aspects of our environment over others" -these are perhaps linked to the behaviors we learn as infants. For instance in various Muslim families, it has been inculcated in the minds of their females that physical intimacy with men is a no and nor are revealing clothes allowed. They are asked to adapt and mould themselves in this peculiar lifestyle where they shun themselves from the society in general and set their goal in such a way where nurturing their kids and serving their husbands in future becomes central to their survival. This is result of environmental and social pressure most of which becomes innate in the female inhabitant in such families. (Iceberg Metaphor and Unconscious Mind) Another theory suggests that impulse to act upon a stimuli is an unconscious behavior - the impulse is produced unconsciously, and then the conscious mind takes over; plethora of impulses that are driven by behavioral and cultural norms and or our values/traditions. Some people react at the sight of lizards or their mention without even without seeing the poor animal. This is because a certain kind of unconscious fear exists in the back of their mind about it. Their reaction for the same is involuntary. It rests at the back of their mind subconsciously which tends to act as prime motivator for the same. We are unconsciously inclined towards certain things over others (certain

Comments on BP 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comments on BP 3 - Essay Example The company will outsource some of its operations and will enter into a contract with the website development company in order to come up with attractive website. The team has effectively defined and elaborated all important elements and processed involved in the operation and transaction. The team has also included the elements of customer service and customer relationship management in order to make sure that the high customer value is provided to all customers. The company will also use social media techniques in order to market and promote the website and attract more traffic. The business model of the company is bit complicated as it involves several virtual links and partners. But the business model canvas provided by the team in the appendix has made it easier to comprehend the complete links and connections among all important partners and also has explained clearly how the business will operate. Lastly, the team has been able to calculate the cost behind the whole business model and has included all important costs and expenses in order to come up with more realistic figures. The major strength of this business plan is the testing of the product at the target market before launching it. This will allow the company to come up with the final product which accords with the needs and demands of the customers and there will be relatively less chances of rejection or failure. All the feedbacks and comments generated as a result of this pre-launch testing will be used by the company in order to improve the final product. This testing also allowed the company to identify the most profitable target segment. The company relies on heavy input from the customers and devises strategies accordingly. This, in turn, will allow increasing the customers’ satisfaction and attracting more customers. The main idea behind the whole business is to provide the eating products to the customers on mobile trucks and vehicles. This will allow the company

DISCUSS AND ANALYSE THE IMPLICATIONS OF AIRPORT EXPANSIONS IN THE UK Essay

DISCUSS AND ANALYSE THE IMPLICATIONS OF AIRPORT EXPANSIONS IN THE UK USING RELEVANT EXAMPLES - Essay Example Business people want to meet their clients, suppliers and workers for their growth and others want to go abroad for holidays and to meet their extended social network. This industry also plays an important role in the support services such as manufacturing, logistics and transport of services. (BAA, 2007) The aviation centres in other countries including the European Union have been expanding their airports and hubs to cater to the growing demands of people and businesses. Schipol Airport in Amsterdam, Paris Charles de Gaulle in France, and Frankfurt in Germany has extended and have five, four and four runways respectively. At the same time, the Chinese have planned to invest $17.5 billion to expand its aviation industry to cater to the ever increasing demand and traverses between borders. (BAA, 2007) In 2003, the UK government published a White Paper that proposed the future plans to expand the airport infrastructure across the country by 2030. The paper takes into account the future demand and capability for charter, business, scheduled and freight air travel as well as the core environmental and social impact on the society. The paper prioritized the efficient usage of the existing runways. It also acknowledged the development of two new runways in the southeast region; one at Stansted by 2012 and the other at Heathrow by 2020. The Heathrow expansion plan will also include a new terminal. At the same time, the plan preserved lands at Gatwick, Glasgow and Edinburg for the future immediate expansion of the runways on the need basis. (Craig, 2003) In the north, the white paper proposed to add a new terminal to the Manchester Airport to cope with the increasing passengers and businesses. It anticipates that the expansion could a satellite addition to the existing terminal or a new terminal from ground zero outside the current boundaries of the Manchester airport.

Perception and Cognition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Perception and Cognition - Essay Example The things we do consciously are influenced by the unconscious mind - our actions are the effects of stimuli which we are unaware of. There have been various interpretations in this regard. According to cognitive psychology, unconscious information processing likened to subliminal message processing (idea opposed by authors because they thought the definition was unnatural and restrictive). (09No) In Evolution: evolutionary changes occurred as a result of unconscious processes - there was no conscious thought that went into evolution and adaptation; For example, things like culture and early learning - we don't think about our culture - we are surrounded by it from an early age and information gets stored in our unconscious mind without our being aware of it - it is inherent. Same with Early Learning - we learn lots of things at a very young age, which are inherent traits of human kind, which we again, don't consciously think about (for instance, kids, especially infants, learn behavior by "passive imitation" of parents or friends; as infants we unconsciously learn by experience - as we grow up, those learned behaviors/actions/values stay with us, and are stored in the unconscious mind - later in life, we don't consciously think about these things - we just know them to be true) All these characteristics have been oft associate... There is a distinct line between conscious and unconscious goal pursuit. Keeping in perspective the recent evolutionary arrival of modes of though and behavior, it is probably that the conscious goal is directly or indirectly related to unconscious motivational structures. We are predisposed, conditioned (genetically predisposed - this is an effect of evolution) as a human race to prefer certain "aspects of our environment over others" -these are perhaps linked to the behaviors we learn as infants. For instance in various Muslim families, it has been inculcated in the minds of their females that physical intimacy with men is a no and nor are revealing clothes allowed. They are asked to adapt and mould themselves in this peculiar lifestyle where they shun themselves from the society in general and set their goal in such a way where nurturing their kids and serving their husbands in future becomes central to their survival. This is result of environmental and social pressure most of which becomes innate in the female inhabitant in such families. (Iceberg Metaphor and Unconscious Mind) Another theory suggests that impulse to act upon a stimuli is an unconscious behavior - the impulse is produced unconsciously, and then the conscious mind takes over; plethora of impulses that are driven by behavioral and cultural norms and or our values/traditions. Some people react at the sight of lizards or their mention without even without seeing the poor animal. This is because a certain kind of unconscious fear exists in the back of their mind about it. Their reaction for the same is involuntary. It rests at the back of their mind subconsciously which tends to act as prime motivator for the same. We are unconsciously inclined towards certain things over others (certain

DISCUSS AND ANALYSE THE IMPLICATIONS OF AIRPORT EXPANSIONS IN THE UK Essay

DISCUSS AND ANALYSE THE IMPLICATIONS OF AIRPORT EXPANSIONS IN THE UK USING RELEVANT EXAMPLES - Essay Example Business people want to meet their clients, suppliers and workers for their growth and others want to go abroad for holidays and to meet their extended social network. This industry also plays an important role in the support services such as manufacturing, logistics and transport of services. (BAA, 2007) The aviation centres in other countries including the European Union have been expanding their airports and hubs to cater to the growing demands of people and businesses. Schipol Airport in Amsterdam, Paris Charles de Gaulle in France, and Frankfurt in Germany has extended and have five, four and four runways respectively. At the same time, the Chinese have planned to invest $17.5 billion to expand its aviation industry to cater to the ever increasing demand and traverses between borders. (BAA, 2007) In 2003, the UK government published a White Paper that proposed the future plans to expand the airport infrastructure across the country by 2030. The paper takes into account the future demand and capability for charter, business, scheduled and freight air travel as well as the core environmental and social impact on the society. The paper prioritized the efficient usage of the existing runways. It also acknowledged the development of two new runways in the southeast region; one at Stansted by 2012 and the other at Heathrow by 2020. The Heathrow expansion plan will also include a new terminal. At the same time, the plan preserved lands at Gatwick, Glasgow and Edinburg for the future immediate expansion of the runways on the need basis. (Craig, 2003) In the north, the white paper proposed to add a new terminal to the Manchester Airport to cope with the increasing passengers and businesses. It anticipates that the expansion could a satellite addition to the existing terminal or a new terminal from ground zero outside the current boundaries of the Manchester airport.

Motivation Essay Essay Example for Free

Motivation Essay Essay Civil Engineering is my passion and a very important part of my life. From the very beginning of my school life I was intrigued in various types of structures and its complication from engineering side. In time this desire was growing and I start being interested in construction processes and especially in different structural solutions. My mind was overfilled with questions such as how process of construction design runs, what are the reasons why some of structures sustain more loads while other ones collapse affected with lower loads. So I dedicated my post-secondary education to search the answers which allows me to understand how the engineering science works. And I made the right decision by choosing Civil Engineering studies. It was a key which unlocked the right doors to get the answers that I needed. During my Bachelor studies I was interested in design branch and especially in Structural Design. It has admired me because of its complication and oneness. None of the other sphere requires such a wide range of knowledge and none of them is as universal engineering specialization as the Structural Design is. Furthermore, Structural Design studies in TU/e provide the possibility to do research project what is a chance to explore and gain understanding in the structural design of structures and the aspects of the design process. Due to these reasons I would like to take the Architecture, Building and Planning programme because one of its specializations is Structural Design. After taking decision that it is time to continue my education I started exploration of Western Europe universities and I found out that TU/e is the best option to fulfill my needs. TU/e is a great choice because of its objective to grow up creative, initiative and independent thinking experts. Furthermore, this university cooperates with international companies and universities and can offer many MSc programm es in English what demonstrates that TU/e is oriented towards exchanging international knowledge and experience. The other aspect I chose TU/e is its worldwide reputation and ranking among world’s top technical universities. This fact enthuse me and it would be such an honour to study in one of the best Technical universities in the world and get lots of knowledge from authoritative and meritorious professors. Furthermore, TU/e is well known because of its research institutes and that students are taking responsibility of impressive projects. Young engineers have a chance to express their creativity and innovation. I believe that opportunity to  participate in educational life of such an outstanding university is an ambition of all engineers. In conclusion, the facts such as great rankings among the world’s best technical universities, high level professors and leading position in research inspired me to take MSc programme in TU/e. I have no doubts I made the right decision. The master’s studies of chosen programme are the best way to seek the goals of my career. I believe in it due to the circumstance that there are a lot of educated but not enough experienced engineers in Lithuania. So only the best of them are able to compete for the most sought-after and perspective positions. Whereas I am ambitious person I want to become one of the most professional, desirable and promising engineer for engineering companies. So I would like to continue purposeful studies and to advance knowledge of my previous degree what could help me to perform in more professional way. Considering my personal features such as a strong will to learn and activity on taking participation in diverse educational projects I daresay that I will be adorable student for your university and your professors. Furthermore, I believe that I and these master’s studies we are great match due to the feature of my character that I cannot face up with myself when I have unsolved problems and the attribute of these studies to be challenging. This feature of my character shows that I will be persistent and committed student. With a foundation of academic knowledge and experience I gained during the years of my bachelor studies, I believe I am qualified for the Master’s degree of Architecture, Building and Planning, specialization Structural Engineering. I am convinced that TU/e will provide me with knowledge, experience and confidence for the future. I think that this programme matches perfectly with my academic expectations and offers the best way to make my goals come true.

How Children Learn Disrespect From Their Parents

How Children Learn Disrespect From Their Parents Children these days often treat people with disrespect, for example their parents, teachers, elders, classmates, or even a person of the opposite color or even gender. Disrespect in children usually starts with their legal guardian or parents. Children learn disrespect from their parents by how they create a role model for their children, by how they approach and handle certain situations with their child, by the kind of relationship they carry with their spouse in front of their child, how their child sees them treat each other at home, and lastly from simple things like what kind of shows or movies that you allow your child or teen to watch on television. Children learn disrespect from their parents by what kind of example and role model their parents set for their children. For example if your at the corner store with your child or teen and you treat the lady at the register with disrespect and unkindness, there is a higher chance that your child will reflect those acts and treat others that way. On Tween and Teen Health it says Remember, teens learn how to behave by watching their parents. Your actions generally speak louder than words(Tween and Teen Health). Children learn disrespect by observing how their parents act, if you are a kind respectful person, your kid is more likely to be kind and respectful rather than being rude and disrespectful. They observe the way you talk and the way you treat and speak to others. Children live off of your rules and expectations, so dont make them think that treating others disrespectfully is acceptable. Not only can it make them look bad but it can make you look bad also. You dont want to set a bad example as a parent, because its possible if youre a bad parent, they can grow up to be bad parents too. On tween and teen health it also says Set a positive example and your teen will likely follow your lead(Tween and Teen Health). Its important to act the way you want your child to act because they are most likely going to mimic your actions.When your child sees you acting negatively and disrespectfully it makes them think that it is okay. You are the person your child looks up to, so whatever you do, they are going to think is okay even when you are not around. Children learn disrespect from their parents by the way they talk and approach them in certain situations. For instance if your child is acting up or talking to an adult in a disrespectful way, you should handle the situation correctly and you shouldnt yell and shout at them, you should talk to them in the correct manner, and let them know what they did wrong, and use the correct tone of voice and punishment to teach them what is correct. In Top 7 Parenting Skills anger management it says Use authoritative tone of voice to rein in your childs bad behavior(Top 7 Parenting Skills). If your child misbehaves or acts up, you must approach them in the right way, not by shouting, screaming or saying negative things to them, that may bring them down or trigger them to act in an inappropriate way. But of course always remember not to let them get away with it and make them think they are the one in charge, so make sure you step up and take on your role as a serious responsible parent. In the article it also says Remember that if you start to shout and fill your childs head with negative thoughts, your words will reinforce the negative behavior(Top 7 Parenting Skills). Not only by the way you talk to your children will affect their behavior, but also by what you say, never put negative thoughts into their head. When pointing out all the wrong things they do, dont forget to reward them and make them feel good and accomplished for the things that they do right. Always pointing out what they do wrong can make them feel like they never do anything right, you dont want them being put into a depressing or upset state of mind. You also dont want to hold a distant or bad relationship with your child, try to let them know that you are always there for them to talk openly about any situations. It is better to bring your child aside and talk to them about their misbehavior and actions and explain to them what is right from wrong. You must also show your child who is the boss and wh o is in charge, its important to teach your kid without letting them run all over you, act and talk to them like their parent not their friend or buddy. Another way children learn disrespect is from how they observe their parents relationship and actions towards each other at home. A good example is if you are having problems or a rough time with your significant other at home, its important to not fight, argue, disagree, or even mistreat each other in front of your child. In a health article it says School age children whove witnessed domestic violence, may model their views on gender roles based on what theyve seen(Jonathan Strickland).Exposing your child to this kind of violence can lead up to them misbehaving or even treating a person of the opposite sex unfairly or differently than the way they would treat someone of the same sex. It also says This could lead to boys growing up to be abusive toward women or girls(Jonathan Strickland). So not only can it cause your childs disrespectfulness to be present while they are a young child, but it can take long term consequences for when they grow older also. So never forget to keep your problems with your spouse behind doors and private, and to always make sure you dont expose your child to any of your relationship violence at home. Often times a childs parents will split up and try to work against each other to try and be the better or favorite parent. Doing that can confuse your child and they may act differently and be confused on whats wrong and right when getting different perspectives from two different parents. This is another thing that can take a toll on their behavior. Parents need to work together rather than against each other for the wellness of their child. Another way children learn disrespect from their parents is not only what they learn from them, but by simply what you allow, like what kind of movies and TV shows you allow them to watch or have access to at home. For example if you see your child or teen watching inappropriate TV shows or movies at home that are not acceptable for their age range, let them know that its not okay to view those kind of things, or even put parental control on certain channels or shows on your tv at home. In the article Lifestyle|Tweens and teens it says According to Professor Samineh Shaheem of the human relation institute in Dubai, 70 percent of the 20 most popular TV shows include sexual content(Lifestyle|Tweens).You dont want to allow your child or teen access to see these kind of inappropriate things happening on TV shows or even movies at home. In the article it also says When teens constantly watch their favorite characters engage unseemingly behavior, theyre likely to imitate what they see, whe ther its smoking, violence, or treating members of the opposite sex with disrespect(LIfestyle|Tweens). Children often look up to their favorite actors or characters, so you dont want them seeing their favorite role models acting violent or inappropriately because thats not the kind of example you want to be set for your child or teen. If your child sees their favorite actors taking part in drugs, gangs, fighting and other bad things, they have a higher chance of acting that way or maybe even thinking that acting like that is okay. The last thing you want is your child imitating bad things that they see on TV shows. If their isnt a way for you to always monitor what they watch, at least try to limit how much they watch TV or a certain show, constantly watching a inappropriate TV show can take a huge effect versus if they were only watching it once or twice a week. So children being disrespectful can happen and be caused in many different ways. Anywhere from what kind of example and role model you set for your child, by how you talk and approach your child in certain situations, by what you let your child see from your relationship with your partner at home along with if they are exposed to any domestic violence or abuse, and even by what youre letting your kid watch on Television shows and movies. Therefore children do learn disrespect from their parents or guardian, because in the end thats who raised them and gave them their first look on the difference between right and wrong. References Jonathan Strickland Whats the effect of childrens exposure to actual violence as victims or as witnesses? 24 August 2010. HowStuffWorks.com. 10 February 2017 HowStuffWorks.com Contributors What do right and wrong mean to your adolescents? 4 April 2011. HowStuffWorks.com. 10 February 2017 Top 7 Parenting Tips 11 March 2009. HowStuffWorks.com. 10 February 2017 Staff, Mayo clinic. Tween and Teen Health Tween and Teen Health. Mayo Clinic, Healthy Lifestyle, 20 July 2016, www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/tween-and-teen-health/basics/tween-and-teen-health/hlv-20049436.

A Comparison Of Two Poems About Soldiers Leaving Britain To Fight In T :: essays research papers

The two poems I am comparing are "Joining The Colours" by Katherine Tynan and "The Send Off" by Wilfred Owen. " Joining The Colours" is about a regiment of soldiers leaving Dublin in August 1914 to go to France to fight. This was at the beginning of the First World War and all the soldiers were happy because it was an opportunity for them to show their girlfriends and their families that they were brave. "The Send Off" is about a regiment of young soldiers who are departing later in the war. This poem was written a few years after "Joining The Colours". The mood of each occasion is different because "Joining The Colours" was written when the soldiers and their relative's thought that the war would be over by Christmas but instead it finished much later on and millions of soldiers got killed. The mood in "The Send Off" is totally different because the soldiers were already afraid. They knew how dangerous the war was because of what so many people had experienced since "Joining The Colours" was written in 1914. There was no celebration for them because most of the people knew what was going to happen. The structure and the style of each poem varies in different ways. "Joining The Colours" is more positive. The structure of this poem is simple. Even though there are some words which convey an image that war is bad, most of the style of writing is positive and even happy. "The Send Off" is a more serious and frightening poem. The style of writing throughout the poem is sad and conveys an image that war is completely bad. The structure of this poem is more complicated than "Joining The Colours". This is because the poet is trying to convince the reader that war is the most terrible thing that ever happened.In "Joining The Colours" the soldiers seem happy as they march to war. In stanza 1 for example "There they go marching all in step so gay". This quotation shows how they enjoy marching, all together. Their attitude towards war is very carefree. They look almost as though they are "going to a wedding day". In stanza 2 the soldiers "are singing like the lark". In stanza 3 they make noises with "whistles, mouth-organs". The soldiers are carefree because they are brave. They don't understand how dangerous war is because they are too young.

Priestleys use of dramatic techniques to create tension in An Inspector Calls :: English Literature

Examine Priestley's use of dramatic techniques to create tension in the play. Priestly was a socialist writer, and 'An Inspector Calls' is one of the plays in which he tried to display his socialist ideals in. The play was written in the 1940's, a little after the end of the Second World War, and it was first performed in 1946, in Russia, then later in England. Priestly had served in World War 1, and the terrible scenes he saw lead to him having socialist views. He was inspired by other writers whose views he shared, especially George Orwell and H.G. Wells, both of whom references are made to in the opening pages of the play. A lot of the tension in the play is between Birling and the Inspector, both of who are powerful figures in the household and are both vying for dominance, creating a lot of tension. This is symbolic of the global struggle between capitalism and socialism, the Inspector represents Priestley's socialist views, and Birling, the antithesis of the Inspector represents capitalist views, which is made clear through his speech "the interests of Capital steadily increasing prosperity." When the Inspector is there, Birling is very fast to drop the blame on someone else, insisting "I can't accept any responsibility" which is a complete contrast of what the Inspector says, telling the family to "share the blame among yourselves when I have left" This constant conflict, which is often at the heart of the dramatic genre itself, makes sure there is tension whenever the two characters are talking to each other. This conflict is not the only one within the play. Eric also takes the side of the Inspector, causing tension between him and his father after the Inspector has left, this side is also taken by Sheila, causing a "split" in the family, which can be seen by "I suppose we're all nice people now." and "What's the use of talking about. Nobody's brought her to life, have they?" Whereas Birling says, after the Inspector was found to be fake "This makes a difference y'know. In fact it makes all the difference." Also the reference the Inspector makes about Socialism being a lesson we have to learn "We are members of one body if men will not learn that lesson, then they will be taught it in fire and blood and anguish." This is a reference to the way Priestley thought that Capitalism was the cause of First World War, which he himself served in, the "fire and blood and anguish" being a reference to events he witnessed while fighting on the front line.

The Effects of Anxiety on Language Learning of Esl and Efl University Students

The Effects of Anxiety On Language Learning of ESL and EFL University Students Review of Literature Introduction: There has always been the existence of the feeling of anxiety-anticipation of danger and the fear of some untoward occurrence in the back f our minds. However, in the modern age of stress, cutthroat competition and uncertainty, the problem of anxiety has become chronic and has developed into a menace. This, as every one knows, has posed a strong challenge towards the maintenance of our good health and well-being and onto learning process of learners and even stronger, in ESL and EFL university students for being taught a foreign/second language besides their own ones. For defining anxiety, it can be said that anxiety is an uncomfortable emotional state which has some characteristics like: feeling of apprehension, worry, nervousness, dread, and feeling of stress that may stem from the anticipation of some non-specific source of danger. Rapid heartbeat,dizziness,fainting tendency,trembling,irregularbreathing,sweating,palpitations,hypertension,chest pain and shortness of breath, are common symptoms, all/some of which are observed in persons suffering from anxiety. It may be noted that anxiety may actually prove beneficial in some respects, too. The feeling of anxiety helps cope with the intense situations arising in life. In a way, it helps motivate persons to prepare in the best manner and perform to the utmost in public speaking, at an exam, in working towards meeting some deadline,etc. However,it turns into a malady if it goes beyond a certain limit and even may threaten health. In today’s world, there is a large amount of reported cases who are suffering from anxiety and it may even reach such enormous proportions in some people, as to interfere with their ability to function normally. Researchers have studied the effects of anxiety on foreign language learning since the 1970’s; and on second language learning, there are many researches as well. London, R says that: The monumental need of the ESL student is to interact normally both socially and academically in the mainstream classroom . Social and academic anxieties, are the core impediments to adoption and learning. Thus,the teachers need to understand the specific nature of these anxieties by using an affective measurement scale to identify the specific anxiety –provoking scenarios the ESL student experiences. Further more, teachers need to work collaboratively with the student, parents, and each other to set clear performance and behavioral expectations. ESL students need to learn the practical functional nature and practice the functional language needed to participate fully. Finally, structuring self- assessment, as well as classroom activities aimed to maximize an interactive academic experience is essential. Daniels and Hewitt attempted to investigate the effects of different levels of test anxiety on actual rather than simulated classroom test performance. The intent was to learn whether the effect of anxiety would be dependent upon or independent of several variables, such as test scores, sex differences, intelligence, and type of test items. In response to the last, Boor claims that: the Sara son Test Anxiety Scale was administered to students immediately after a course examination and to other students after a regular class period. A significant relationship between test anxiety and examination scores was obtained for the former group and no significant relationship was found when intelligence was partialed out. As Horwitz, Horwitz, and Cope (1991) note, educators should help anxious students cope with existing anxiety-provoking situations and endeavor to make the learning context less stressful. When learners view the classroom as anxiety inducing, they often feel as if they are swimming among sharks and become less socially oriented, less assertive, and more withdrawn or self-conscious than in other situations. Anxiety is often a manifestation of feelings of incompetence. And he says that: where the trigger is concern over being scrutinized, judged and compared to others, the teacher can alleviate anxiety and foster a less confrontational atmosphere by encouraging pair work, group activities and scaffolding for mutual support and reassurance. Young (1991) identifies the following as the main categories and sources of language learning anxiety for general learners. A. anxiety stemming from personal and interpersonal anxieties 1. Low self-esteem 2. Competitiveness 3. Self-perceived low ability levels 4. Communication apprehension 5. Social anxiety 6. Existential anxiety 7. Lack of SL group membership 8. Learner beliefs about language learning B. anxiety stemming from role-related beliefs about language teaching 1. That some intimidation of students is necessary 2. That the instructor’s role is to correct students constantly 3. That the instructor cannot have students working in pairs because the class may get out of control 4. That the instructor should be doing most of the talking and teaching 5. That the instructor is like a drill sergeant C. anxiety stemming from instructor-learner interactions 1. from the instructor’s harsh manner of correcting student errors 2. from students’ fear of being incorrect in front of their peers 3. from students’ concerns over how mistakes are perceived in the language class D. anxiety stemming from classroom procedures 1. Having student speak in the target language in front of the class 2. Giving frequent oral quizzes, listening comprehension in particular 3. Calling on student to respond orally and exclusively in the SL E. anxiety stemming from aspects of language testing 1. Test formats that evoke more anxiety than others, e. g. , listening comprehension, translation from SL to English 2. Over-studying for hours only to find that the tests assess different material 3. Unfamiliar test tasks Conclusion: Some aspects mentioned in above researches which are proved to be correlated with the level of anxiety are, for example, belief in giftedness and self-efficacy and so on . It is discussed in almost all researches that anxiety may have both facilitative and debilitative effects on language learning of SL/FL learners . However, anxiety seems to be facilitative in some situations of learning especially in second/foreign language learning in a way that it reduces the feeling of being watched or/and being appeared unnatural in reacting inFL/SL learning classes and further in lesson replying in real situations. Because anxiety may have a debilitating effect on the acquisition of the second language, it is important to help learners to cope with and reduce second language anxiety. And for recognition of these effects and cope with them, it seems to be needed a new conclusive study for some forgotten aspects or in other way: for recognizing higher and lower important ones first. After that, researchers should identify the specific items that make the students anxious. The researcher needs to discuss the results with the students and come to conclusions by asking the ESL/EFL student some questions to find the sources of anxiety in the ESL/EFL students. References: Barney, G (2006). Anxiety-Unnatural or Natural, anxiety, 2, Article0611from http://www. articlecube. com Boor, M (1978). Test Anxiety and Classroom Examination Performance: A Reply to Daniels and Hewitt . Clinical Psychology Journal, 36 (1) Jan 1980, 177-179. Burden, P (2004). The Teacher as